Overview:

Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused the pandemic of the respiratory diseases (COVID-19) around the world. The spike glycoprotein (S) of coronavirus, a type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2 is known to bind with host cells through the interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (1). Upon binding of S1 subunit of Spike protein to the host ACE2, TMPRSS2 cleaves at the S1/S2 boundary or within S2 subunit to facilitate the entry of viral genomes into the host cells. SARS-CoV-2 variant comprising Y453F and Δ 69-70 mutations has been detected in human cases in Denmark. Y453F mutation associated with the mink infections has mild positive effect on viral binding to host cell. However, D614G and ΔH69/V70 have been considered to enhance viral transmissibility and infectivity, respectively (3, 4).

Gene Aliases:

2019-nCoV s1, SARS-CoV-2 spike S1, SARS-CoV-2 S1, novel coronavirus spike s1, nCoV spike s1, coronavirus spike S1.

Genbank Number:

MN908947

References:

1. Lan J, et al: Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor. Nature. 2020, 581:215-220.

2. Hou YJ, et al: SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant exhibits efficient replication ex vivo and transmission in vivo. Science. 2020, 370 (6523):1464-1468.

3. Kemp SA, et al: Recurrent emergence and transmission of a SARS-CoV-2 Spike deletion H69/V70. bioRxiv 2020.12.14.422555; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.14.422555